| AngelScript |

Your first script

This tutorial will show you the basics on how to configure the engine, compile a script, and then execute it. The code in this article is not complete, it only contains the relevant parts to explain the basic structure for using the script library. For complete source codes see the samples that come with the SDK.

In this tutorial a couple of add-ons are used to make the code easier. You are not required to use these in your own application, but they will most likely let you get your project up and running faster. You'll want to take a look at the rest of the add-ons later on to see what else may be useful for you.

// Include the definitions of the script library and the add-ons we'll use.
// The project settings may need to be configured to let the compiler where
// to find these headers. Don't forget to add the source modules for the
// add-ons to your project as well so that they will be compiled into the
// application.
#include <angelscript.h>
#include <scriptstdstring/scriptstdstring.h>
#include <scriptbuilder/scriptbuilder.h>

Being an embedded scripting library there isn't much that AngelScript allows the scripts to do by themselves, so the first thing the application must do is to register the interface that the script will have to interact with the application. The interface may consist of functions, variables, and even complete classes.

Pay special attention to how the message callback is registered right after the engine is created. The message callback is used by the engine to give human readable error messages when something isn't working as it should, e.g. a registration is done incorrectly, or a script has an error that fails to compile. While you still need to verify the return codes, the message callback can give you valuable information that will let you figure out what is wrong without much effort.

// Create the script engine
asIScriptEngine *engine = asCreateScriptEngine();
// Set the message callback to receive information on errors in human readable form.
int r = engine->SetMessageCallback(asFUNCTION(MessageCallback), 0, asCALL_CDECL); assert( r >= 0 );
// AngelScript doesn't have a built-in string type, as there is no definite standard
// string type for C++ applications. Every developer is free to register its own string type.
// The SDK do however provide a standard add-on for registering a string type, so it's not
// necessary to implement the registration yourself if you don't want to.
RegisterStdString(engine);
// Register the function that we want the scripts to call
r = engine->RegisterGlobalFunction("void print(const string &in)", asFUNCTION(print), asCALL_CDECL); assert( r >= 0 );

After the engine has been configured, the next step is to compile the scripts that should be executed.

The following is our script that will call the registered `print` function to write `Hello world` on the standard output stream. Let's say it's stored in the file `test.as`.

      void main()
      {
        print("Hello world\n");
      }

Here's the code for loading the script file and compiling it. The AngelScript engine itself doesn't have access to the filesystem so the loading the files has to be done by the application. Here we're going to use the script builder add-on, which does the loading of the script files, and some preprocessing, such as handling #include directives.

// The CScriptBuilder helper is an add-on that loads the file,
// performs a pre-processing pass if necessary, and then tells
// the engine to build a script module.
CScriptBuilder builder;
int r = builder.StartNewModule(engine, "MyModule");
if( r < 0 )
{
// If the code fails here it is usually because there
// is no more memory to allocate the module
printf("Unrecoverable error while starting a new module.\n");
return;
}
r = builder.AddSectionFromFile("test.as");
if( r < 0 )
{
// The builder wasn't able to load the file. Maybe the file
// has been removed, or the wrong name was given, or some
// preprocessing commands are incorrectly written.
printf("Please correct the errors in the script and try again.\n");
return;
}
r = builder.BuildModule();
if( r < 0 )
{
// An error occurred. Instruct the script writer to fix the
// compilation errors that were listed in the output stream.
printf("Please correct the errors in the script and try again.\n");
return;
}

The last step is to identify the function that is to be called, and set up a context for executing it.

// Find the function that is to be called.
asIScriptModule *mod = engine->GetModule("MyModule");
asIScriptFunction *func = mod->GetFunctionByDecl("void main()");
if( func == 0 )
{
// The function couldn't be found. Instruct the script writer
// to include the expected function in the script.
printf("The script must have the function 'void main()'. Please add it and try again.\n");
return;
}
// Create our context, prepare it, and then execute
asIScriptContext *ctx = engine->CreateContext();
ctx->Prepare(func);
int r = ctx->Execute();
if( r != asEXECUTION_FINISHED )
{
// The execution didn't complete as expected. Determine what happened.
if( r == asEXECUTION_EXCEPTION )
{
// An exception occurred, let the script writer know what happened so it can be corrected.
printf("An exception '%s' occurred. Please correct the code and try again.\n", ctx->GetExceptionString());
}
}

The exception handling above is very basic. The application may also obtain information about line number, function, call stack, and even values of local and global variables if wanted.

Don't forget to clean up after you're done with the engine.

// Clean up
ctx->Release();
engine->ShutDownAndRelease();

# Helper functions

The print function is implemented as a very simple wrapper on the printf function.

// Print the script string to the standard output stream
void print(string &msg)
{
printf("%s", msg.c_str());
}

See also
  Message callback, Script builder, string object, Samples

asIScriptContext
The interface to the virtual machine.
Definition: angelscript.h:2731
asIScriptModule::GetFunctionByDecl
virtual asIScriptFunction * GetFunctionByDecl(const char *decl) const =0
Returns the function by its declaration.
asIScriptEngine::GetModule
virtual asIScriptModule * GetModule(const char *module, asEGMFlags flag=asGM_ONLY_IF_EXISTS)=0
Return an interface pointer to the module.
asIScriptContext::Execute
virtual int Execute()=0
Executes the prepared function.
asEXECUTION_EXCEPTION
@ asEXECUTION_EXCEPTION
The execution was terminated by an unhandled script exception.
Definition: angelscript.h:408
asIScriptEngine
The engine interface.
Definition: angelscript.h:1102
asIScriptContext::GetExceptionString
virtual const char * GetExceptionString()=0
Returns the exception string text.
asIScriptEngine::RegisterGlobalFunction
virtual int RegisterGlobalFunction(const char *declaration, const asSFuncPtr &funcPointer, asDWORD callConv, void *auxiliary=0)=0
Registers a global function.
asIScriptEngine::SetMessageCallback
virtual int SetMessageCallback(const asSFuncPtr &callback, void *obj, asDWORD callConv)=0
Sets a message callback that will receive compiler messages.
asFUNCTION
#define asFUNCTION(f)
Returns an asSFuncPtr representing the function specified by the name.
Definition: angelscript.h:685
asEXECUTION_FINISHED
@ asEXECUTION_FINISHED
The context has successfully completed the execution.
Definition: angelscript.h:402
asIScriptEngine::CreateContext
virtual asIScriptContext * CreateContext()=0
Creates a new script context.
asCreateScriptEngine
AS_API asIScriptEngine * asCreateScriptEngine(asDWORD version=ANGELSCRIPT_VERSION)
Creates the script engine.
angelscript.h
The API definition for AngelScript.
asIScriptFunction
The interface for a script function description.
Definition: angelscript.h:3996
asIScriptModule
The interface to the script modules.
Definition: angelscript.h:2232
asIScriptEngine::ShutDownAndRelease
virtual int ShutDownAndRelease()=0
Shuts down the engine then decrease the reference counter.
asCALL_CDECL
@ asCALL_CDECL
A cdecl function.
Definition: angelscript.h:230
asIScriptContext::Prepare
virtual int Prepare(asIScriptFunction *func)=0
Prepares the context for execution of the function.
asIScriptContext::Release
virtual int Release() const =0
Decrease reference counter.